Weitao Li,a Huazhang Guo,a Gao Li,a Zhen Chi,b Hailong Chen,b Liang Wang,*ac Yijian Liu,a Keng Chen,a Mengying Le,a Yu Han,a Luqiao Yin,d Robert Vajtai,ce Pulickel M Ajayan,*c Yuxiang Wengb and Minghong Wu*f
a Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P. R. China
b Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
c Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX 77005, USA
d Key Laboratory of Advanced Display and System Applications, Shanghai University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200072, P. R. China
e Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, Department of Applied and Environmental Chemistry, University of Szeged, Rerrich Béla tér 1., Szeged, Hungary
f Shanghai Institute of Applied Radiation, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P. R. China